Mrs.   Pptter   Palmer,   has   declined   with   thanks   an
appointment   to   act   as   a   volunteer   garbage   inspector
in   her   ward   in   Chicago   •,   on   the   ground   that   she   has
arranged   for   certain,social   functions.for   the   summer
at   .Newport;,   and   so   Chicago   loses   the   joy   of   having
a   society'leader   for   a   garbage   woman,   while   Newport
has   the   satisfaction   of   having   a   garbage   inspector   for
a   social   leader.
Europe   owes   us   a   large   \amount   of   money   on   the
balance   of   trade,   but   from   the   number   of   Americans
who   are   rushing   across   the   Atlantic   for   a   good   time
this   summer   it   looks   as   if   most   of   it   would   be   burned
before   winter..   -   -   .   -_   .   '   .
j   'Among   the   many   reasons   which   have   been   given
to   explain   the   gladness   that   will   attend   President   Mc-
Kinley's   return   to"   his*   'Washington   .home;-   is   one
somewhat   overlooked'in   .the   general;   congratulation
of   the   Presidential;   party.   •   McKinley/will'be   I   for   a
¦   time,at   least   scot-frce.UK:   'V   ¦   .,   *   •li.V--f   .   '
'"Lipton   is   to   repair   SHamrock   II   and;bring   her
over   to   make.the'   race   notwithstanding;the/bad'luck
that   'has"   attended   her;';   and   while   the.   affair   promises'
to   be   a   walkover;for,us   it   ¦will'not   do   to   be'too   sure
of   it/   for;   in   this   world   it'sometimes-happens   that   pluck
wins.in--spite   >of   luck..   ¦   :   v   ¦   v   •   >'-,   "*..
;   Several   oil   companies,   in   Texas*   have   offered   "a
limited   number   -of   full-paid   'non-assessable'   shares   at
25   centsf'^ach',"^   and"one.'nas1-gone!^so^faf^as'to   offer
stock   at   6   cents'a'share),   .That   cd'nies.very.'nearraking
the'   State   financially   with'   a"   fine'   tooth'¦   c'ombl•--,'
?.'£PZ;y
,   •Persons   who   -   have.   missed   the.   name   of   Roosevelt
in   tKe'iiews   of   the   day   recently   may   probably   be   satis -
fied   by   fthe   explanation'   of   the   Springfield   Republican
that   "he.   has   been   swallowed   up   in   the   amplitudinous
quietude'of   the.   Vice   Presidency.";   The   fate   '.seems   to'
be   a   sad   one,   but   asVTe'ddy   is   vigorous   he   may.yet
emerge."   <   \   ',   •   '   .¦¦¦-'•'.''   ,-
THE   Seattle   Times*finds   itself   enraged   by   The
Call's   use   of   the   term   "Altbryangeldism"   to   de -
scribe   that   queer   political   mixture   which   has
been   on   tap   in   this   country   since   1896.   Our   critic   de -
clares   that   it   is   unAmerican   to   indulge   in   such   criti -
cism   of   the   minority   party,   and   asks   if   it   is   wise   or
prudent   to   do   so   "in   a   republic   like   ours,   where   the
safety   of   the   nation   and   the   liberties   of   the^pebple
depend   upon   a   very   equal   division   of   the   people   into
political   parties."
The   republic   and   the   liberties   of   the   people   seem
to   have   stood   that   sort   of   thing   very   well   so   far,   and
we   are   unable   to   comprehend   how   they   are   endan -
gered   by   criticizing   a   minority   and   not   by   serving   a
majority   party   the   scmc^way.   'The   Times   seasons,
adorns   and   illustrates   its   lecture   on   propriety   by   call -
ing   Republicanism   "Hannaism"   and   declaring   that   "it
has   uniformly   stood   for   oppression,   while   Bryanism
and*   Altgeldism   have   always   stood   for   greater   liberty
and   greater   benefits   to   the   common   people,   and   as
between   the   two   every   honest   man   will   choose   Bryan -
ism.   even   with   all   the   sneers   and   leers   which   such
publications   as   The   Call   may   choose   to   make."
Now   that   is   good.   Twice   the   whole   people   have
had   the   chance   to   choose   between   the   two,   and   ac -
cording   to   this   Seattle   oracle   all   the   honest   ones   have
chosen   Bryanism.   Then   a   vast   majority   of   our   people
are   not   honest.   .
The   Times   should   go   and   study   logic   for   a   few
years,   and   then   take   such   a   turn   in   physics   as   to   learn
not   to   sit   on   a   limb   and   saw   the   same   off   between
itself   and   the   tree.   \
We   believe   in   freedom   of   criticism   and   that   the
same   rule   applies   to   minority   and   majority   parties   and
is   equally   American.   The   people   are   the   final   judges;
They   sift   the   wheaffrom   the   chaff,   the   true   from   the
false,   as   they   did   in   1896   and   •   1000.   We   deny   the
Times'   position   that   only   dishonest   men   voted   against
Bryan.   To   admit   is   to   disclose   the.   most   horrible
situation   that   can   be   conceived   for   a   republic.   We
do   not   deny   that    our   countrymen,   that
they   were   wrong.   .;
No   doubt   Mr.   Bryan   is   a.   model   of   .the   domestic
and   civic   virtues,   but   he   can   be   that   and   at   the   same
time   be   the   most   fantastic   freak   that   has   ever   cavorted
and   kicked   high   in   American   politics.   His   principles
_re   certainly   not   Democratic,   when   measured   by   the
teachings   of   Jefferson   or   passed   upo   one   but   Mr.   Bryan
is   to   blame.'   He   has   alienated   the   common   s^nse   of
the   country   from   fhe   party   he   has   created   and   led,
and   an   equal'divisiSPONDENTS.
DIMES—T.   H.   F..   Watsonville.   Cal.
Dealers   do   not   offer   a   premium   for   dimes
of   1836.   "   '   ..   "
SOLDIER'S   PENSION—T.   F.,   Los   An -
geles,   CaL   A   pension   check   issued   to   a
soldier   entitled   to   receive   the   same   is   not
subject   to   attachment   for.debt."'.;   "^
DIXON   AND   SMITH—George   Dlxoh
and   Solly   Smith   had   "a   meet"   in   Wood -
ward's   Pavilion   October   •   4.   1897,   when
Smith   was   declared   the   victor   in   twenty
rounds.   '
PLAY   THE   FOOL-J.   T.   H.,   Vallejo.
Cal.   "Let   me   play   the-   fool,   with   mirth
and   laughter,   etc.,"   Is   to   be   found   In   the
"Merchant   of   Venice,"   act   I,   scene   I.
words   spoken   by   Gratiano.,   •
MAHOGANY   TREE—Enq.,   Oakland.
Cal.   The   mahogany   tree   is   a   native   of
the   West   Indies   and   of   South   America.
It   grows   to   a   height   of   from-80   to   100
feet   and   its   growth   is   very   slow.
GUNS—A.   P.   de   B.,   Alaraeda,   Cal.   The
bore   of   the   largest   guns   in   the   royal   Brit -
ish   navy   ia   twelve   inches.   The   largest   in
the   United   States   navy   is   fifteen   inches.
No   nation   has   any   guns   In   its   navy   of
larger   bore.   ¦
.   HEADWATER'S   BEST   TIME—M.   C.
Baden,   Cal.   The   best   time   made   by   Head*.
water   prior   to   May   10   was   that   made
within   the'   ten   days   before   that   date.
Consult   the   racing   charts   in   The   Call   vt
that   period.
HUMMINGBIRDS—S.,   Parkfleld,   Cal.
F.   A.   Lucas   in   an   exhaustive   article   on
hummingbirds   written   In   1S97   has   the*   fol -
lowing:   "The   family   of   hummingbirds   is
exclusively   American,   and   its   range   ex -
tends   from   Patagonia   to   British   Amer -
ica."   ¦¦;?;,-   •   .   ,   ,/v;,
STATUTE   OF   LIMITATION-Inquirer,
Punta   Arena,   Cal.   t   A   mortgage,   like   a
promissory   note,   is   an   obligation   in   wrt -
ing.   In   California   If   executed   in   the
State   It   runs   four   years   from   the   time   of
maturity,   if   executed   outside   of   the   State
two   years.   .   ,   ._•   -.%•-   '   '   -'•
ROCHESTER   INSTITUTION—SubscrU
ber,   Santa   Rosa,   Cal.   To   ascertain   if
such   an   institution   as   you   ask   about   Is
in   operation   in   Rochester,   N.   Y.,   address
a   communication   to   the   Chief   of   Police   of
that   city,   enclosing   a   self-addressed   and
stamped   envelope   for   reply.
.POSITION   ON   A.STEAMER—M/W.-S.',"
City;   An   individual   desiring   to   secure   a
position   on   a   steamer   plying   between   San
Francisco   and   foreign   ports   should   file RESIDENTIAL   RECEPTIONS   AND
PARADES.   All   in   the   Wasp's   sixty-page
Presidential   souvenir?   On   sale   every -
where:   25   cents.   s   ...   .   •-•<-
....   >   .   .   .»¦?«   ;—:—
Special   information   supplied   dally   tp
business   houses   and   nubile   men-by   the
PreS3   Clipping   Bureau   (Allen's).   510   Mont -
gomery   street.   ¦   Telephone   Main   10__^-   •)
„   There   is   a   Chinese'   farm   in*.   Florida
where   the   Johns   have   gone   somewhat   ex -
tensively   into   the   "small   truck",business
shipping   their   product   to   New   York.   They
nave   made   a.   success   of   it.   -.   >   .
'   ..",-:   •   ¦¦"¦
Do   Your   Peet   Ache
And   burn."   and   make   you   tired   all   over?   Allen"s
Foot-Ease   niakes   thershoea   comfortable,   rests
and   cools   the   feet   and   makes   wanting   easy..   At
all   druggists   and   shoe   stores,   25c.   •   Sample   sent
FREE.   Address   Allen   S.   Qlmsted.:.   Le   Roy.   JJ.Y.
SalUngr   under   false   colors   are   all   cheap   and
foiponous   domestic   .   substitutes   of.   Dr.   Siegerfs
Angostura   Bitters,   great   South   American   tonic
'   ¦   ,'   •—   ¦   »   ?   ¦   „   i-   ,.\.,v'.
";Ne_lect   your   hair   and   you   'losevIt.'   Parker's
Hair.   Balsam   renews   the   growth   and   color.   '"
'.j   t^he   best   cure   for   corns.*   '   U   oUL
SATURDAY.   .v..'/.s........MAY   25,   1901
JOHN   D.   SPRECKELS,   Proprietor.
*'"r^^^^T^S^ComaMieltitMtjWrs.   LEASE.   Xiatgtr.
i'LUJLlCATIOX   OFFICE.   .   .Market   and   TUIrd.   S.   K.
Telephone   Press   201.
EDITORIAL   ROOMS   217   <o   221   Stevenson   St.
Telephone-   Prera   202.
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Term*   br   Mall.-Including   Postages
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JIAILT   CAtb   flncTodinjr   PnndaT).   *   months..................   3.04
DAILY   CALL,   (iadndisr   fiunday).   X   months.......;   1.50
DAILY   CAUL—By   Single   Month   <fe
WEEKLT   CALL.   On«   Tear   ........4....-....U.   1.0«
All   poitmatteni   are   Mnthorlsed   to   receive
f   subscriptions.   ¦   '   j   ¦-.   -¦
f   ejsple   eoples   will   be   forwarded   when   requested.   *
W«ll   «n»mcrn»r»   In   <«rfl»rtnr   »"haar»   >   of   *Mr*"   «hmi1<1   >«*
fiartletdar   to   cir*   both   NEW   AND   OLD   ADDRESfl   In   order
to   Itusure   m.   prompt   and   correct   compliance   with   request.
OAKLJLSH   OFFICE   .'.   .1118   Broadway
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Ku&gtr   rtniga   AdTtrtlilag,   tfarqutte   Bcildlag,   Cblrap.   -
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k_tw   tork   :;ews   stanus:
Walflorf-Aetorla   Hotel;   A.   Brent-no*   a   __ton   Square:
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CHICAGO   XKWS,   STANDSi
Rxeman   House:   P.   O.   Sm   Co.;   Great   Northern   Hotel:
Fremont   Hccse;   AuOltorlnm   Hotel.
.WASHIWGTOJT   (D.   C.)   OFFICE.   .   .   .1406   a   St..   V.   XT.
MORTOI7   E.   CRANE.   Correspondent.
BRAKCH   OFFICES—527   Montgomery,   corner   of   Clay,   open
retll   l:J0   o'clock.   100   Hhjm,   open   until   8:30   o'clock.   CSS
McAIlUter.   open   until   1:30   o'clock.   fl5   Larkln.   open   until
¦   :S0   o'clock.   1941   Mission,   open   until   10   o'clock,   tin
Market.
ocrner   E!xte«nth.   open   until   I   o'clock.   10M   Valencia,   open
vrtll   t   o'clock.   1M   Eleventh,   open   until   9   o'clock.   NW.   cor
-
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IIOO   Flllmore.   open   until   9   p.   n_
f->   UCH   State   elections   as   will   be   held   this   fall   will
not   be   of   much   interest   to   the   nation   as   a
S^   whole,   but   in   the.   commonwealths   where'they
are   to   occur   the   political   pot   is   already   beginning   to
boil,   and   in   two   of   them,   Virginia   and   Ohio,   it   is
probable   the   contests   will   be   quite   vigorous.
It   has'been   hitherto   deemed   fairly   certain   that   in
Ohio   the   Republicans   would   renominate   Governor
Nash,   but   recently   there   have   appeared   evidences   of
a   considerable   opposition   to   him.   It   is   quite   likely
of   course   that   when   the   convention   meets   the   oppo -
sition   will   prove   to   have   been   more   noisy   than   strong,
but   none-the   less-it   i*   making   a   pretense   at   least   of
getting   up   an.   earnest   fight   against   him.   In   one   re -
spect   the   Governor   is   fortunate   in   having   such   an
opposition,   for   according   to   the   reports   that   come   to
us   the   main   argument   used   against   him   is   that   he
has   made   himself   unpopular   by   stopping   the   Cin -
cinnati   prize-fight.   It   is   safe   to   say   that"any   voteshe   may
lose   among   the   sporting   Element   on   that   ac -
count   will   be   more   than   compensated   by   those   of
good   citizens   who   respect   him   for   the   awill   <   be   ¦.ordered
'   in1
proportion.;   It   will   be   seen.that   the   prosperity   of   the
.country   ;is">making   the   railroad,   men'   work   hard   to
keep   up^with   the-procession.   What   would'"   be   ;   the
condition\of'the'country.if   at   this   time   our   railroads
were   under   Government   control   and   we   had*   to   wait
for^Congress   to   meet   and   make   an   appropriation   be -
fore   'orders   could   be   given   for   new   cars!   and   new
'locomotives?./   >   .   .•   .   r   f   ¦   .
A   recent-dispatch   from   Philadelphia   said:   ".With
orders   enough   ahead   to   '   keep   five   hundred   hands
busily   erilployedlof   months,   the   blanket   mills   of   Wil -
liam   &   James   Stafford   in   Manayunk   have   shut   down,
to   remain   closed   for   two   weeks.   This   unusual   con -
dition   is   due   to   the   fact,   it   is   stated,   that   all   the
stor -
age   room'the   company   has   at   its   command   is   choked
with   manufactured   goods,:andiit   is   unable   to,   ;get
transportation   facilities   to   carry   the   products   away.
Haifa   thousand   wage-earners   "are   thus   thrown   out   of
work   when,   under   ordinary   conditions,   they   might
be   actively   arid   uninterruptedly   engaged.   Both.the
Pennsylvania   and   Reading   railroads   are   accessible
to   the   Stafford   mills,   and   both   corporations   have
been   appealed   to,   but   owing   to.   the   generally   prosper -
ous   .state   of   business   in*   the   Manayunk   manufactories
the   roads   are   having   the   greatest   difficulty   intrying   to
tak"e   care   of   the   business   offered   theni."
While   the   validi of   the   argument   -may   be   •   dis -
puted,   it   is   undeniable   "that-at*   present   the   tremen -
dous   expansion   of-Arherican   energy   in   traffic   and
travel   has   surpassed   the   preparations   made   for
handling   it   by,   evert   the   most   enterprising   roads.   It
will   be   remembered   that   .'some..difficulty   was   expe -
rienced   in   this   State   in   obtaining   cars   to   handle   the
citrus   fruit   <*rop,   and   the   situation   seems   to   be   far
worse   in   the   East.
RECENTLY   in.   a   discussion   of   the   question./of
rates   of   fare   offered   by   railway   companies   to
the   Pan-American   Exposition   some   authorities
on   railroad   matters   argued,that   if   rates,   were;fixed;at
what-^are   known   as   popular^prices   the^movement   of
passenger   travel   would   be   larger   than   the   roads.can'
handle.   One   of   them   said   railroad   officials   "should
remember   that   all'   who?;travel   are-   ri  attracted   -by
cheap   excursions,   and   that   those   who   do   not   want   to
go   to   the   fair   have.a   right   to.   demand   that   their   regu -
lar   service   shall   not   be   disturbed."   '.•   v   I
ELECTIONS   OF   THE   YEAR.
IT   is   expected   that   Mrs.   McKmley's'   gratifying'   improvement   and
rapid   convalescence
:will   permit   the   President's   party   to   leave   for   Washington
to-day."   The   gratification
felt   by:the   people   at   this   close   of;the   President's   visit
originates   entirely   in   happiness
';.;.;<i;   at   the   recovery   of   $Irs.   McKinley.   Californians   have
'not^   tired   of,   his   sojourn   and
would   willingly   seeVit   extended,   if   under   conditions   agreeable
to   him   and   his.
While   his   tour   \tasnecessarily,   shortened   by   the   unforeseen
circumstance'of   his
wife's   illness,   it   has   been   beneficial   to   the   West   and\
to/Western   interests.   He   and   hise   want   a   wireless   telegraph
station   on   the
Farallones,   and   on   certain   islands   of   the   Aleutian   archipelago,
in   the   interest   of   naviga -
tion   and   for   the   use   of   the   weather   service.   We   need
attention   to   .the   interests   of.   navi-1
gation   on   this   coast   equal   to   that   on   the   Atlantic.   The
weather/service   now   enjoys   tele -
graphic   facilities   in   the   West   Indies..   The   great   storms   born'
there   are   now;   notifiedto   the
whole   Atlantic   coast,   so   that   immense   saving   results   from   the
cautioning   of   sea.   com -
merce,   and   its   warning   of   the   coming   storm.   '   Hatteras   is
s'hprn   of   much   of   its   terrors   and
the   losses   of   commerce   are   minimized.   -^
If   the   country   is   to   be'   great   its   greatness.must   extend   to
all   its   borders.   If   it   is   to
be   permanently   prosperous   that   prosperity,   must   be   general   and
not   partial   or   sectional.
These   ends   are   brought   within   easier   reach   by   the   tour^of
the   president,   and   the
people   will   reasonably   expect   economic   results   of   the
greatest•value'Vo   them.   .;
California   speeds   the   parting   guest   with   a   genuine   effusior/of
feeling.   Our   hospi -
tality   is   unspent   and   we   would   gladly   express   it   in   more
.emphatic   terms'   should   occasion
require.   V   ,
Our   thoughts   will   be   with   the   President   and   his   wife-on
their   homeward   journey.
May   its   every   mile   be   pleasant,   and   their   return   to   more
familiar   scenes   only   serve   to   em -
phasize   the   pleasure   of   their   experiences   in   the   midst   of
us/.-•   :.'   •;
DEMANDS   FOR   TRANSPORTATION.
PERSONAL   MENTION.
Josse   D.   Carr   of,Salinas   is   at   the-   Pal -
ace.
K.   Casher,   a   Vallejo   merchant.   Is   at   the
Lick.".   •
C.   H.   Riege,   a   stationer   of   Fresno,   Is   at
the   Lick.
L.   W.   .Shinn,   a   mining   man   of   Angels,
is   at   the   Lick.
Charles   P.   Braslan,   a   seed   merchant   of
San   Jose,   is   at   the   Palace.
.   E.   W.   Oaks,   an   extensive   fruit   raiser   of
Riverside,   is   at   the   Palace.
W.   L.   Valentine,   a   railroad   man   of   Los
Angeles,   is   a   guest   at   the   Palace.
W.   H.   Lee.   a   well-known   book   publisher
of   Chicago,   registered   at   the   Palace   yes -
terday.
C.   H.   Phillips,   a   capitalist   and   well -
known   real   estate   dealer   of   San   Jose,   is
at   the   Palace.
A.   Musto,   who   conducts   a   general   mer -
chandise   business   at   Stockton,   is   a   gueat
at   the   Grand.   _•   .
Judge   H.   G.   Pond,   who   Is   one   of   the
largest   prune   growers   of   tire   State,   Is   up
from   Santa   Clara   and   Is   registered   at   the
Palace.   .-"   ¦   .   *
Congressman   Charles   F.   Joy   of   St.
Louis,   Mo.,   is   at   the   Palace:   He   is   a
brother   of   Edwin   W.   Joy,   the   druggist,   of
this   city.   \   .¦¦'.'   -/'   '   ?   -
Mrs.   A.   R-Chaff.ee,   the   wife   of   General
Chaffee,   accompanied   by   her   daughter,
arrived   here   from   New   York   and   is   at   the
Occidental..   V   ,'¦   .,
,'When   it   was   founded,.a   hundred   years
ago,.the   Library   of   Congress   was   created
merely   as   a.   convenient   to   the   members
of   Congress,   andjt.   still   retains   the   title
which   was   then   given   to   it,   although.its
functions   have   broadened."   It   is   now   a
library   of   general   scope;   It   is   in   a   building
distinct   from   the   Capitol;   it   is   performing
a   .service;   to^the   'executive   ¦departments
and   to-the   public   .'at   "large,   and   if   main -
tains   _the   Copyright   Office,   which   is'•   as'
distinctively   administrative   in   -   its   func -
tibhs   as   is"   the   -   Patent   rt -
ed   in   the   Capitol.   The   private   library   of
ox   not   a   mere
wing   of   the   Capitol,   it   was   set   apart   dis -
tinct.   It   was   designed   and   completed   as
the   '   largest,   most   commodious   library
building   and   more   highly   specialized   serv -
ice.-   The   material   itself,   which   had   been
accumulating;In   mass,   has   been   set   apart,
siftfd   and   summarily   classified;  is   also   a   distinct
group   dfivoting   itself   exclusively   -to   the
business   involved   in   the   acquisition   of
material,   whether   by   purchase,   gift   or
exchange;   (documents,   manu -
scripts,   maps,   music   and   prints)   has   its
general   and   liberal   provision,   in   the   main
reading   room,   in   the   reading   room   for   the
c a   distinctive   group   of   workers
who   are   prepared.   to   aid   in.   inquiries   In -
volving   elaborate   research.   .   •   '
Large   Force   Now   Employed.
Auxiliary   to   .   all   the   a*bove   is   a   fully
equipped   bindery   for   the   repair.and   bind -
ing   of   the   library   •   books   -   and   a   printing
office   for   the.   printing   of   the   catalogue
cards   and   forms,   and   of   the   bibliographic
publications.   The   copyright   work   is   now
set   off   in   a   distinct   division   employing   the
exclusive   services   of   forty-five   persons,1   a
number   greater   than   the!   entire   staff   of
the   llbrary'in   the   old   building.
Distinct   again   from'all   of   these   divisions
having,   the   custody'of   special   material   or
special   functions   with   reference   to   the
material   as   a   whole,   is   a   small   group   at
the   head   of   which   is   the   librarian   in   chief,
having   the   general   administrative   super -
vision   of   "the   work   as   a   whole.   .   '   ..   '
-The   building   and   grounds   are   cared   for
by   a   separate   i   orgaijizatlon—engineers,
janitors,   etc.—under;   a   superintendent,
himself.   appointed   by.   the   President.   This
official.   acts   also   as   disbursing   -   agent   for
all   payments   made   out   of,the   library,   ap -
propriations.   -..-   ¦¦*•'   '..   -   •
The   present   employes   '   in   .   the   library
proper   number   185   and   in   the   Copyright
forty-five,   -while   the   care   of   the
building   and   ground's   requires   now   a   force
(Including   charwomen)   of   111   persons.   Only
statistics   can   make,evident   such   require -
ments.   The   building   with.its   courts,cov -
ers   three   and   one-half   acres   of   ground;   It
includes   over   10,000,000   cubic   feet   and   eight
acres   of   floor   .space;-it.   has   2150   windows
to   be   kept   clean;,   It   .is   finished   in   costly
marble   and   mosaics   and   i   decorated   with
costly   paintings,   which   must'   receive   as -
siduous   care,-and   it   employs   elaborate
machinery—heating   and   .   ventilating   <   ap -
paratus,'   elevators,   book   railways   and
pneumatic   tubes-^-which   must,be   smoothly
operated   and   kept   in   order.
Present   Size   of   the   Collections.
~   An-   average   '¦.   '¦   of   .   2200   persons   visit   V   this
building   every   day   In   the   year.   It   is   wired
for   6000   electric   lamps   and   its   heating're -
quires   '   3000   tons   of   coal:   per   annum.   Its
care.and   the   responsibility   for   its   proper
maintenance   and   physical,   equipment   rest
with   its.superintendent,   not.   with|the-   Li -
brarian.   Special   appropriations   are   placed
at*   his   disposal,   which:   now   average   about
$92,000   a   year.   This   is   exclusive   of   appro -
priations   for   furniture   and   shelving1,   which
are,•   granted;as   the   gradual.equipment-of
the.   rooms;   for.   particular   ..uses   progresses.
The   contents   of   the   library,   proper   have
now   reached   .the   following   figures:   Printed
books   and   pamphlets   (not   including   dupli -
cates   In   ¦   the   Copyright   Office),   995,000;
manuscripts,   27,000;   maps;and   charts,.   55, -
000;,   music,   294,000;   prints.   84,000.   ,¦
•»   Here   is   a.huge;mass   of   material   which
of   itself   ¦   indicates-'-the:needs   of   a'   large
force   i   and   one-   competent,   for:   specialized
service.   That   force/   is   .   gradually'   being
provided.-.   V"   *¦;'»'   -"'-."   V.   :   :.--   .   •.:•¦
.¦Now   this   ,   institution   :   is   a,   library.   Its
work.is:not'merely   to   administer,   like   an
executive;bureau;¦¦:nor.,to   investigate   and
compile,   like   a   scientific   j   bureau.-;   The
.function^of-a.¦library.Is,'.first,   .to   accumu -
late   :   material;   •   second,   to   ?   make   it   t   Useful.
The'material   which   it'accumulates   is   of   a
defined   A   ,   library,   is'   not'   a*   mu -
seum.'Mior.is   it   air   art-gallery.1-   It   does   not
acquire   specimens   >   in   science   nor   ordinary
(COPYRIGHT,   190L)
<   :   \   *   ______   "   ¦
XV.—THE   LIBRARY   OF   CONGRESS.
But   being   a   national   library,   its   duties
extend   still   '   further.   •   It   should   render
whatever   •   service   is   within   its   power   to
scholarly   research   all   over   ,   the   United
States,   and,   as   a   fact,   it   endeavors   to   da
so.   Inquiries   come   to   it   by   mail   from
every   State   in   the   Union.   It.   answers
them   directly   so   far   as   it   is   able,   and
where   the   answer   cannot   be   given   out   of
the   material   in   its   possession   it.seeks   to
indicate   where   it   may   be   had.
Now   these   inquiries,   as   well   as   those   ad -
dressed   to   it   officially..   involve   almost
every   branch   of   human   knowledge,   which
has   any   literature;   many,   also   that-   have
no   literature.   To   answer,   ito   pre -
pare   It   for.use;   fourth,   to   make   it   useful.
'-..   Note—This   paper   will   be   completed   next
Saturday..   •¦   :'-¦•¦;   •   v   "   *   -.*   ¦¦¦
Washington   is,   moreover,   itself   becom -
ing   the   center   of   research   for   scholars   in
general,   particularly'   in   the   departments
of   history,   law,.   political   and   social   sci -
ence,   ethnology   and   those   natural   and)
physical   sciences   which   may   be   studied
to   advantage   in   connection,   with   the   sci -
entific   collections   in   Washington'or   with
the   scientific   work   being   carried   on   In   the
Smithsonian   Institution,   the   Coast   and
Geodetic   Survey,   the   Geological   Survey,
the   naval.observatory,   etc.   It   is   already
the   seat   of   various   colleges   and   it   Is   with -
in   •   one   hour   ¦   of   the   American   University
most and
every   class   in   the   community.   They   are
supplying   not   merely   the   books   which   are
instructive   but   those   which   are   purely
recreative.   •   Particularlyreserving   and   making   availa -
ble   the   sources   of   knowledge,   not   by   mul -
tiplying   them.   It   informs   as   to   what
knowledge   exists,   and   what   opinion.   Bl.   A   clay
tablet   of   Nineveh   or   the   Moabite   stone
would   find   appropriate   place   within   it;   but
only   as   literature,   not   as   sculpture,   nor
as   evidence   i   in   geology.   !   All   literature,
however,   and.   maps,   music,   photographs,
etchings,   engravings,   as   well   as   the   writ -
ten   and   the   printed   book,   are   in   its   prov -
ince.   '   .-   -   •   •
By   Herbert   Putnam,
LIBRARIAN   OF   CONGRESS.
What   the   Federal   Government   Has   Done   in
One   Hundred   Years   to   'Create   a   Great
National   Library.
Prepared   by   Experts   and   Specialists   tor
The;San   Francisco   -Call^
PAPERS   ON   CURRENT   TOPICS.
THE   PRESIDENT   DEPARTS.
THE   -.   SANv   FRANCISCO   CALIi,   SATURDAY,   MAY   '25;   1901;
The   British   papers   ;have   ceased.talking   about   the
war   and   are   now   discussing   the   coal   tax.   The,   one
subject   is:about   as   unpleasant   asjthe;   pther,':   but   any -
thing   for;a   change.   ¦¦-¦•¦'   "'".'   .'   r-s.   '-;-
6